Help students to consolidate information learned in class. Gives the teacher flexibility to teach partially during homework time and partially in class. It is crucial that you are clear about … The instructor’s role is to be primary information giverand primary evaluator. Just because the majority supports something, it doesn’t mean it’s best. Students follow along with their teacher as an ‘apprentice’. Holds attention and respect of students….practices effective … The six strategies are enhanced milieu teaching, Provides a framework for deeper and critical thinking. Break down tasks into manageable chunks so that students know the steps toward success. Provides long-term support to ensure students remember information over a sustained period of time. Calm colors on the walls can help students relax into the learning environment. Teacher only intervenes for the few students who are still struggling (You Do). Students get a set amount of time at each station to read the prompt questions. Case studies might not be representative of a generalized issue – they may be outliers or flukes. Have students break apart and trade answers in another pair. Weave the ZDP into a lesson plan by stating that you will assess a student’s current ability then teach them the thing that is the logical next.step. Every expert will be able to contribute their perspective to the group. Pavlov, a famous behaviorist found that he could teach his dog through repetitively associating a bell with food. Fast students will need extension tasks or personal projects to complete once they have finished and are waiting for slower students. Formative assessment involves assessing students’ learning throughout the learning process, not just at the end. Without high expectations in the classroom, students can become lazy and lose respect for education. As time passes, the meaning should stay but the exact words should be forgotten. Pair this with our characteristics of a highly-effective learning environment and you’ll have a nice one-two punch to reflect on your craft. Show the students a diagram or comic strip demonstrating sequence of events with the last few events missing. Without prompts, students may never develop or improve. Use the two-minute presentation method for the final lesson in a series of lessons on one topic. Red hat: Express your feelings and intuitions. Screencasts can also save your work when writing on an Interactive Whitenoard. Helps students organize and synthesize their thoughts. They dit in front of the class and get interviewed by their classmates. Students work in small groups to come up with an idea for a poster, diagram, or presentation project on the topic. Provides a visual comparison between different views of students in the class. Paper cloze passages involving a story in which the key phrases are removed. What makes an effective teacher? Teachers can be more flexible. This can also help a student understand the relevance of the topic being studied. Reciprocal teaching involves having students facilitate their own small group lessons. Usually, this activity takes place using flip chart / butcher’s paper. The projects should be personally meaningful and give students freedom to go in-depth on areas of interest. The main goal of a teacher-centered method is to teach and measure … The assessment tasks are always relevant and focused. By going deep on a topic, students may become very knowledgeable and feel empowered. Teacher provides minimal guidance, recognizing that making mistakes and trying the ‘wrong thing’ is also a part of the discovery experience. Introduce a complex or controversial issue through a book, video or class discussion. Identifies misconceptions students may have about a topic. Cognitive load theory: Too much information at one time can cause a student to lose track. I often find students use generic phrases copied from their neighbors. Typically, these strategies involve some amount of students working together during class, but … At the end, have the students share their feedback with the presenter in small groups so that the environment is not so intimidating for the presenter. Montessori argued that children learn best when placed in resource rich environments and left to explore. Students may require resources to do background research to come up with strong points for or against a position. When I was training to be a teacher I had to write a lot of lesson plans.eval(ez_write_tag([[728,90],'helpfulprofessor_com-box-3','ezslot_2',663,'0','0'])); For each lesson plan I was expected to include clear examples of teaching strategies. Each worksheet should build on the previous to help students move through their ZPD one step at a time. Teacher checks-in intermittently to ensure standards are upheld and to stimulate students to improve upon their projects. I often find it’s hard to get groups of 6, so sometimes one student has to use two hats. The students who watched the presentation have 60 seconds to write their thoughts on the topic that was presented. Teaching Strategies for Adult Learners Adult Learner Characteristics Teaching Strategies Adults have years of experience and a wealth of knowledge Use your adult students as resources; use open-ended questions to draw out students' knowledge and experiences; provide … Helps to structure the activity, give students certainty in what they are doing, and reduce the uncertainty from group work. The more associations someone has with a topic, the more neural pathways are created connecting ideas. Use Screencasts when teaching a lesson online. “Even though you did not do well today, I expect that you will come to school doing better tomorrow.”, “The quality of your work does not match your potential. Creation of physical models helps students to form mental models (‘cognitive schemata’). Instead of telling them what happens when you mix baking soda and vinegar, let them try it and watch what happens. Use this list of 107 instructional strategies to fill-in that lesson plan or teaching portfolio with some high quality teaching strategies. Only one student at a time can write their response. Negative reinforcement involves the removal of a privilege, points or tokens when a student gets an answer wrong. The Sixth Edition of Learning Disabilities: Characteristics, Identification, and Teaching Strategies presents guidelines for using Response to Intervention (RTI) as an eligibility tool and as differentiated instruction for the general education class.Detailed coverage of the most up-to-date classroom practices, the latest research, and critical issues are also presented. It helps students understand where they are headed and what the purpose of the lesson is. Make sure to follow up DEAR time with discussion and comprehension tasks. For this teaching strategy, either the teacher or student summarizes something someone previously said in their own words in order to ensure they understanding each other without any misconceptions. Rather, the teacher should make sure no students fall behind. Many parents and mentors watching your lesson may come away with a sense that you were lazy or did not do enough to help the students. Consider alternatives like the Read Aloud strategy or using videos instead if DEAR doesn’t work for your class. Sociocultural theory: learning through conversation allows students to see diverse perspectives and therefore improve on their own perspectives. It can therefore be difficult to implement in education systems that are packed with curriculum outcomes that must be met. This involves splitting a page into two columns. Not practical as a teaching strategy in classrooms. Avoid nonverbal gestures that have different meanings in different cultures. Print a list of your students with a column for ‘achievements’, ‘goals’ and ‘struggles’. Differentiation is a teaching strategy that requires teachers to change their teaching styles and educational materials to meet the diverse needs of students within a classroom. Consider using a sample that requires similar skills and processes but a different end product. Classical Conditioning (Behaviorism): Students are ‘conditioned’ by cause-and-effect mechanisms that are subtle and that they aren’t even aware of. Can empower students, giving them a sense of ownership over the classroom. An approach predominantly used for young children in Indigenous communities, which is not applicable on a wide scale in Western mass education systems. Some information is by its very nature academic and theoretical rather than practical, and this information is still of value to students. If the whole class gets into it, there can be a lot of great back-and-forth. Can be more engaging than getting students to read to themselves. Howard Gardner: The theory of multiple intelligences was invented by Howard Gardner in the United States. Gamification can make boring lessons fun, thereby increasing the engagement and motivation of students. It is debatable whether so-called ‘authentic’ environments are genuinely authentic. Case studies help students to see how theories and ideas look in real life. This helps them pick holes in their own points and improve their misconceptions. Teacher and community members meet to discuss a lesson idea. Critical theory: The barometer could be paired with critical theory if students critique assumptions in society with a focus on the perspectives of marginalized groups. Tapping a watch can remind students to pay attention to time limitations of a lesson. Teachers need to show students the pathways to success. One theory proposes that there are eight ‘intelligences’. Ensures learning is more personalized in the hope that no child will be left behind in a lesson. Students who are shy to speak up my be more willing to participate, especially if their written response can stay anonymous. Sociocultural theory: sociocultural theory believes. Parent and community engagement involves bringing students together with their community. Or more specifically, what observable characteristics might you see and hear? A gallery walk involves a teacher placing stimulus questions on flip chart paper (butcher’s paper) around the walls of the classroom. Go down the lines getting each student to make their point for or against the position. Activate students’ prior knowledge. Invented by Lave and Wegner, situated learning involves learning by being embedded within a professional environment and slowly picking up the ways of doing and speaking within that context. Assigning group roles when students are doing small group work is another simple instructional strategy to try. Place an unusual prop related to your lesson in the middle of the classroom. Separate students into three ability groups: Advanced, Middle, and Lower. Discuss possible future involvement and engagement in the community to emphasize that community involvement is an ongoing project. Of all of these factors, the personal and academic relationships between teachers and their students may be … Just look for them on your favorite search engine! Provides clear explanations. Heat and noise can both prevent learning. Once all students have rotated through the stations, the students end up back at the station where they began. See my full article on High Expectations in the Classroom. Non-interventionism involves a teacher taking the role of ‘unobtrusive observer’ while students learn. Snowball discussions are another twist on the think-pair-share method. Description. A clear way of guiding students towards new skills. The students can write on the chart paper with their group response and also respond to other groups who have already written their points. Teacher transparently presents the lesson objectives to the students, i.e. Flipped instruction enables the teacher to offload the direct instruction elements of education like Introductions to homework. Have students prepare their two-minute presentations by adding the notes to palm cards. Role modelling involves demonstrating the requisite behaviors or ideal way of acting within a learning environment. Asking for a thumbs up / thumbs down from students to see if they understand something. By creating lessons that are always challenging, you are setting high expectations for all students. Ensure you assess prior knowledge well in advance so you can plan lessons based on prior knowledge. If conversation is slow to start, consider asking individual students direct questions. Has questionable long-term benefits as at this stage the concept is not yet solidly consolidated in long-term memory. Teaches at an appropriately fast pace, stopping to check student understanding and engagement. Nods of approval can let a student know you have recognized their good work without disrupting the flow of the lesson. If using this method, I recommend taking a look at the flipped learning model for some ideas of how to split your distance and in-class segments efficiently. The teacher places students into groups. Invite students from a grade level above to come into the classroom and act as moderators of discussions on topics of interest. Sociocultural theory: Lev Vygotsky, one of the most famous educational psychologists, invented this approach to help teachers provide lessons that are at the right level for progressing a student’s learning. Get the students to guess what it is before beginning the lesson. State in your lesson plan that you will assess each student’s ability and give them the appropriate worksheet. contributed by Dr. Jimmy Shaw and Nira Dale “Coaching and teaching–the process is one-in-the-same,” explains Assistant Superintendent of Instruction and former athletic coach, Dr. Jimmy Shaw. Montessori Classrooms: The role of the teacher as “unobtrusive observer” was pioneered by Maria Montessori. Two Minute verbal presentations, like posters, are an effective way of having students demonstrate their knowledge at the end of a lesson or unit of work. Have students complete their service learning / voluntary work in groups or individually. Enables the teacher to gauge students’ reactions in real time. Hard to achieve in every lesson. Once the initial group work discussion has concluded, the ‘expert groups’ split. Prior knowledge assessment entails assessing students’ knowledge at the beginning of a unit of work in order to teach students at an appropriate level. By learning-by-doing, the student learns not only the theory but also the skills required to complete tasks. Safety concerns often require teachers and community members to fill-in forms and complete background checks before community engagement can occur. Scaffolding involves providing support to students while they cannot complete a task alone. Students often have to use mathematics and logical reasoning to succeed in this task. It has similarities to other instructional strategies outlined in this article such as service learning and cognitive apprenticeships. Twitter: @helpfulprof. Students get encouragement to keep going and keep trying in order to get the reward. Students need to be explicitly taught group work skills before participating. Have students walk up to the paper intermittently thought a lesson to write responses to the prompt. Helps students feel more comfortable in the classroom. Teachers must ensure technology use is focused on helping students learn more or at a higher level of critical thinking than if they didn’t have technology. Consider getting students to rotate who writes on the paper at each station to mitigate this challenge a little. By seeing others’ points, we can improve or amend our own. Once they stand on the line, you can ask them to explain why they stood where they did. Can engage students who love computers and technology in learning tasks. Empowering: when students are given unconditional positive regard, they know that their teacher believes in their ability to constantly do better. Keeps students on their toes which encourages ongoing review and homework on the part of the students. By discovering truths, students will have a firmer understanding for the reasoning behind. The conference usually involves a discussion of both strengths as well as areas for improvement. Ensure students have time to practice with one another and instruct them on how to take additional notes on their palm cards for points they forgot during practice. A lesson that is too easy won’t help a student progress. Temperature, lighting, seating plans, colors and posters on the walls can all affect learning. They also learn how to speak up in a group. Gives the teacher a better understanding of their students. Students can see the relevance of the assessment task to their learning goals. Sociocultural Theory: By communicating with peers, students widen their perspectives and (with more knowledgeable peers) have their knowledge scaffolded. It keeps students on their toes throughout the lesson, particularly during the boring parts. Students get very close one-to-one interaction with an expert, helping them learn. Students are provided a series of lessons over a 2-week period in computer labs and in resource-rich classrooms to complete their project. Parents may feel playing games in the classroom is not acceptable. Intervene where needed. Depending on the hat a student is provided, they have to think from a different perspective. Use stories that have a moral of the the story, then analyze the moralistic message. Furthermore, it argued that the 8 styles in the multiple intelligences model were a arbitrarily contrived. Students may believe the mistakes are truths and end up believing things that are untrue. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory: Students learn within family and community contexts (children’s ‘first teachers’) in order to respect and carry-on culturally engaged learning. If students are struggling too much, learning may not occur – there is a limit to this approach! Direct instruction (also known as explicit teaching) is a teacher-centered approach that involves the teacher using simple straightforward language to explain concepts to students. A coach stands behind a player. See his famous Bobo doll experiment where children were more aggressive toward a doll when they observed an adult being aggressive toward it. As each group presents, other classmates can challenge ideas or take additional notes to add to their own group’s thoughts. The difference in abilities between students means some students will get a long way ahead while others remain a long way behind. to work in groups for this part. I tend to use the roles of: timekeeper, moderator, notekeeper, and collector. Environments have a strong impact on learning. See why Teaching Strategies is the #1 provider of early childhood solutions in the country. It can lead to critical discussion about common mistakes that students make in a topic. Link the quiz to rewards to keep students motivated to do well and be prepared at any moment. Get your students into two groups and have them compete in a trivia contest based on your lesson content. A visual aid needs an educational purpose. It helps give students a sense of place and belonging. Play based learning. It is often used at the beginning of a term or unit of work to help students self-identify how best to proceed in their studies. Consider. The only person who can speak is the person with the speaking stick. Teacher does networking to find community members willing to come into the classroom. Constructivism: Bloom was a constructivist who believed learning happens when students build knowledge in their mind rather than just copying facts from an authority figure in the classroom. A teacher who uses coaching as a strategy tried to emulate the role of the coach: observing and offering support and suggestions for adjustments. Helps students to vocalize their own thoughts in small and large groups. Students may feel less stressed or rushed with this approach. Students can keep track of their own learning. Modelled teaching is an instructional strategy that involves the teacher ‘showing’ students how to do a task. The interactive teaching and learning strategies described in this section are used to engage students in the resilience and wellbeing, drug education and road safety content included in each focus areas of this resource. Thus, learning styles may simply be learning. Students are required to be resourceful and seek clues that will show them the possible consequences of action. First, each ‘expert’ group focuses on a sub-area of a topic to develop their ‘expertise’ as a group. Progressive Education: Progressive educators such as Alfie Kohn advocate for empowering students through increased democracy in the classroom. Failing a level in an educational computer game. HIgh expectations does not mean expecting all students to meet a certain standard. Create intentional spelling errors in your worksheets and powerpoint presentations. There is often not enough space at workstations, meaning students end up not actually sitting where they choose. This method is very useful for students with learning disabilities who may require more time to process information. Manipulatives are physical educational toys (or: ‘tools’) which are used to support learning. Once the students have completed, do an anonymous poll of the class to find out which position is most convincing. Teachers should consult parents and community members about best strategies for the cultural needs of the students in the class. Treats students with respect and caring. This can happen verbally (starting a paragraph and asking students to complete it) and in writing (a traditional cloze passage). They can rewatch later on and make use of pause, rewind and slow functions during the revision. We only have a limited amount of working memory space in our minds. Teacher re-does the task. Teachers must not lose focus on the learning outcomes that must be met. Providing students with toys can distract them from the task. Focuses on the class objective and does not let class get sidetracked. Mastery learning and teaching is a strategy for ensuring all students meet a certain standard of understanding or ability before moving on. The I Do, We Do, You Do method is a scaffolding strategy that provides gradual release of responsibility from the teacher to the student. An effective, fast way of doing summative assessment. Understanding the cognitive abilities of your students will enhance your capabilities as a teacher and promote student learning. Teaching effective listening In a dynamic classroom, both the instructor and the students need to be effective listeners. By bringing role models into the classroom (especially minority and female role models), students can come to see that they could potentially become female firefighters, politicians of color, etc. Social Constructivism. Provide students with past examples of creative writing pieces and discuss the strategies used by the authors. Have the stronger students demonstrate their knowledge by supporting the weaker students. A working model, diagram, or lecture style the authority model is teacher-centered frequently! 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