What are Phthalates? Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. [4] 2) DEP is widely used in scented products to help the scent linger, although it is rarely found on labels because it is a constituent of the ubiquitous ingredient “fragrance.” A third phthalate, Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) is found in eyelash glue, and is widely used in other consumer products. [15],[16]Shorter ano-genital distance is characteristic of female sex in both humans and animals. [33] Kang SC. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, vol. Diethylhexyl phthalate harms the reproductive system and can affect the developing fetus. Dibutyl phthalate. [20]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). None of the 72 products tested had phthalates listed on the labels. He won the Edward J. Meeman Award for Environmental Reporting. For many of us, our exposure to phthalates may be low on any given day, but we absorb these small quantities of chemicals frequently, over decades. 2, pp 115-41, 2011. [26] Main KM, et al., Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. Research in adult human males has found that sperm quality and male infertility are associated with levels of MEP and MEHP (metabolites of DEP and DEHP) [21],[22],[23] and that higher levels lead to more strongly impaired sperm motility. [8] The researchers speculate that the high prevalence of DEP is the result of the chemicals’ use in cosmetics and other fragranced products. [Internet]. Abstract Available Online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551087. Error: (#10) This endpoint requires the 'manage_pages' or 'pages_read_user_content' permission or the 'Page Public Content Access' feature. In the most recent data from the National Biomonitoring Program, the highest levels are found in non-Hispanic blacks, followed by Mexican-Americans. [21] Hauser R, et al., DNA damage in human sperm is related to urinary levels of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites. Toxicology Letters, vol. A significant loophole in federal law allows phthalates (and other chemicals) to be added to fragrances without disclosure to consumers. Boycotting parabens but no idea what they actually are? Diethyl phthalate. [29] A study of infertile couples found significantly exposure to DEP among infertile men and higher DEP and DBP exposure among infertile women. 1, pp 189-95, 2006. Some are considered safe, and others are considered to pose a potential risk. It has been very difficult, however, to determine the minimum level of exposure when these problems arise. Female laboratory rats chronically exposed to DBP and other phthalates showed altered sex hormones and increased likelihood of fetal loss. August 18, 2014. [36],[37] Both DEHP and DBP appear to have weak estrogenic effects. Additionally, phthalates are used in personal skin care products for viscosity control and are also used as stabilizers, dispersants, lubricants, binders, emulsifying agents, and suspending agents. [8] Manori JS, et al., Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. In cosmetic products, they are also used as softeners. Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0438.html. [25] Swan SH, et al., Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure. 114, pp 270-276, 2006. 93, no. Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals, 2013. https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Sep2013.pdf August 14, 2014. Two decades of research suggest that phthalates disrupt hormones, which can lead to harm during critical periods of development. [34],[35] DBP has been shown to cause proliferation of breast tumor cells and to make anti-estrogen treatments, such as tamoxifen, less effective against tumors. They are found in so many plastic products that we use everyday. Lately, brands, bloggers and natural skincare experts alike have been perpetuating the myth that up to 60% of chemicals or ingredients in our skincare products, such … Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/pdf/ehp0113-001056.pdf. August 18, 2014. Female laboratory rats chronically exposed to DBP and other phthalates showed altered sex hormones and increased likelihood of fetal loss. Available online: http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table August 13, 2014. CDC found phthalates in virtually every person tested, but the largest concentrations -- 20 times higher than the rest of the population -- were found in women of child-bearing age. Society of Reproduction and Fertility, vol. August 18, 2014. [2] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Scientists at government agencies in … 3, pp 331-338, 2002. Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/. Available online: http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table August 13, 2014. phthalates are also present in cosmetics, nail polish, hair products, skin care products, and some medications. 12, pp 157-74, 2009. What they are: Compounds used in antiperspirants to stop the sweat ducts from releasing sweat to the surface of the skin. August 18, 2014. Developmental and reproductive toxicity: The European Chemicals Agency classifies DEHP[19] and DBP[20] as reproductive toxicants. [18] Main KM, et al., Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. Phthalates are also employed as plastic softeners in many different consumer products, including children’s toys and medical devices. None of the 72 products tested had phthalates listed on the labels. An analysis of the 1999-2000 data from the CDC’s National Biomonitoring Program found metabolites of DEP in all 2,540 samples and metabolites of DBP in 99% of samples. August 18, 2014. [7] [30] Tranfo G., et al., Urinary phthalate monoesters concentration in couples with infertility problems. EWG maintains a free online database named "Skin Deep", which list lotions, creams, and polishes that contain phthalates. ' or 'pages_read_user_content ' permission or the 'Page public Content Access ' feature can. Products such as detergents, automative parts, vinyl flooring and personal care products can live years! 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